International security
The desire for security reflected in social life-
Security is a core value of human life. It is the ground for all types of success and progress. In case there is no security in society, it is one of human`s ignored rights. Individual safety and security are important because both safety and security affect an individual’s well-being. Safety is freedom from physical or emotional harm. Security is freedom from the threat or fear of harm or danger.
The desire for security is a defensive and self-protecting response to the fact or threat of harm from other human beings. If there were no threatening people the need to guarantee Natural disasters like the hurricane and consequent flooding in New Orleans in 2005 would still occur and would require emergency planning and responses.
If security is to be protected, conflict prevented, human rights respected and poverty eradicated, we require urgently a new consensus on security. This is a shared responsibility. Human security provides an impetus for all countries, whether developed or developing, to review existing security, economic, development, and social policies. Creating genuine opportunities for people’s safety, livelihood and dignity should be the overall objective of these policies. Equally important is to overcome the existing compartmentalization of policies and programmed along withitutional divisions of work along withrity, development, and assistance lines. This requires a fundamental rethinking of current institutional arrangements and policies. Integration rather than separation should be the catchphrase.
Human activities are associated with security-
For many people, today’s world is an insecure place, full of threats on many fronts. Protracted crises violent conflicts, natural disasters, persistent poverty, epidemics, and economic downturns impose Hardships and undercut prospects for peace, stability, and sustainable development Such crises are Complex, entailing multiple forms of human insecurity. When they overlap, they can grow exponentially, spilling into all aspects of people’s lives, destroying entire communities, and crossing national Borders. The human security approach is a proven analytical and planning framework that supports more Comprehensive and preventive responses by the United Nations, cutting across sectors, developing Contextually relevant solutions, and adopting partnerships to help realize a world free from fear, and indignity There are essentially seven issues associated human security. These are economic security, Food security, health security, environmental security, personal security, community security, and political security.
Economic security, Criteria associated with economic security include insured basic income and employment, and access to such social safety net. Economic security strengthens tolerance and happiness as well as growth and development. A new study by the International Labor Office (ILO) highlights that people’s economic security promotes personal well-being, happiness, and tolerance while benefiting growth and development. People in countries that provide their citizens with a high level of economic security have a higher level of happiness on average, as measured by surveys on national levels of life-satisfaction and happiness, the report finds. The most important determinant of national happiness is not income level there is a positive association, but rising income seems to have little effect as wealthy countries grow wealthier. Rather, the key factor is the extent of income security, measured in terms of income protection and a low degree of income inequality.
Food security is simply access to basic nutrition and food supply. Food security exists when all people have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs for an active and healthy life. The term ‘food security’ is being used more frequently in recent years, with the Government putting greater emphasis on its importance. With an ever-increasing population, it is essential that everyone has access to the food and drink they need to survive, while at the same time ensuring that our planet remains healthy.
Health security is more complex and covers many different issues such as access to safe water, living in a safe environment, access to health services, access to safe and affordable family Planning and basic support during pregnancy and delivery, prevention of HIV/AIDS and other diseases, and to have the c knowledge to live a healthy life.
Environmental security is straightforward and covers such issues as prevention of water pollution, Prevention of air pollution, prevention from deforestation, irrigated land conservation, prevention of Natural hazards such as droughts, floods, cyclones, earthquakes, etc.
Community security, on the other hand, overs the operation of traditions and cultures, languages, and Commonly held values. It also includes the ishment of ethnic discrimination, the mention of Ethnic Conflicts, and the action of indigenous people.
Finally, political security is concerned with the action of human rights and the -being of all people. It also includes protection against people from state repression such as freedom of the press freedom of speech and freedom of voting. Abolishment of political detention, imprisonment, systematic ill-treatment, and Disappearance is also covered under political security.
IR approach the problem of insecurity-
The merits of three concepts peace, power, and security as approaches to the study of International Relations. It argues that peace and power offer only partial, and significantly flawed, views, and yet that thinking within the field has become locked into an excessively polarized framework which is dominated by the opposition between them. The necessity for a new framework arises from the intellectual exhaustion and restrictiveness of this prevailing orthodoxy. Security is put forward as an alternative framework that is capable of encompassing most of what is useful from the other two, plus much of the middle ground that is obscured by them. The argument proceeds by comparing the quality of insight which each of the three concepts offers into two of the most fundamental elements in international relations: ‘the anarchy’ and ‘the arms race’. The case is made that each of these elements constitutes a highly durable feature of international relations, but not that is either immutable within its form, or necessarily malign in its effect.
International security has taken new forms in the twenty-first century. The concept of international security as security among states belongs to the twentieth century. Threats Are no longer primarily coming from states. Threats are coming from ethnic groups obsessed by hyper-nationalism, from criminal gangs, Mafiosi governance, from Epidemics, AIDS, terrorism, dangerous food, from poverty, from economic Mismanagement, from over-population, from failed states, from flows of refugees, and, Most importantly, from pollution and the effects of pollution, the irrigation and destruction of nature, and the diversification of nature. The victims of the new threats are primarily the single individual (individual or human security), society (societal Security), and the globe (global security).
History has there been a common, international acceptance by almost all the world’s countries of common, general global norms. These norms are democracy, a market economy, human rights, and personal freedom. The interpretation of these norms is different in different countries, and only a few often referred to as the rogue states, are not in agreement It is, however, a fact that officially almost all states adhere to these international norms, and That they are inclined to follow them. Why is this so? They are following not necessarily in the “believing” sense, but in the “copying” sense, meaning that countries following These norms are often doing well in the international system. It simply pays Internationally, as well as domestically to follow these norms. The bad news, however, is that the forces of ant globalism, hyper-nationalism, isolationism, and hyper religionism are still at work.
